Philosophy of Science

Empiricism , in philosophy , the view that all concepts originate in experience, that all concepts are about or applicable to things that can be experienced, or that all rationally acceptable beliefs or propositions are justifiable or knowable only through experience. This broad definition  accords with the derivation of the term  empiricism  from the ancient Greek word  empeiria , “experience.” Concepts are said to be “a posteriori” (Latin: “from the latter”) if they can be applied only on the basis of experience, and they are called “a priori” (“from the former”) if they can be applied independently of experience. Belief or propositions are said to be a posteriori if they are knowable only on the basis of experience and a priori if they are knowable independently of experience ( see  a posteriori   knowledge). Thus, according to the second and third definitions of empiricism above, empiricism is the view that all concepts, or all rationally acceptable bel...

A feminist study of gender in society needs concepts to  differentiate  and analyze social inequalities between girls and boys and between women and men that do not reduce differences to the notion of biology as destiny. The concept of sexism explains that  prejudice  and discrimination based on sex or gender, not biological inferiority, are the social barriers to women’s and girls’ success in various arenas. To overcome  patriarchy  in society is, then, to dismantle sexism in society. The study of sexism has suggested that the solution to gender inequity is in changing sexist  culture  and institutions. The disentanglement of gender (and thus gender roles and gender identities) from biological sex was an accomplishment in large part of feminism, which claimed that one’s sex does not predict anything about one’s ability, intelligence, or personality. Extracting social behaviour from   biological determinism  allowed greater freedom for w...

Race and Racism Race is a social construct where classification of  Group membership has been decided by people within particular social system at particular historical moments. Race is defined as  A system of  Social structures that provides or denies access , safety , resources and power based on  Race categories and produces And reproduces race-based Inequities. It is not a biological fact . It affects us individually , Is built into our institutions And is woven into the fabric of our culture .  Though racism is a system, it has many manifestations. Racism manifests in three ways . 1.institutional 2.interpersonal 3.internalized Race is a social construct where classification of  Group membership has been decided by people within particular social system at particular historical moments. Race is defined as  A system of  Social structures that provides or denies access , safety , resources and power based on  Race categories and produces An...